Every American city over 100,000 people

How serious are America’s mayors?

China grades its mayors. America argues about them. This is the first half of a grading system for American mayors: 340 cities, every year from 2005 to 2024, the numbers a mayor’s office actually controls, from the agencies that publish them. The second half, who held the office when, is being verified. No grade is published about a named person until it is.

340 cities · 20 years · 13 toplines · no grades yet


2005–2024, latest first	rank in 2023, of 340 cities1st is best	peoplesize, not ranked	net movers per 100 residents · estimatehigher is better	new homes per 1,000 residentshigher is better	rent as % of incomelower is better	per 100,000 residentslower is better	jobssize, not ranked	surplus as % of revenuehigher is better
New YorkNY	#29010th of 14 in its peer group	8,478,072	-1.1#305 of 340 cities	3.2#129 of 271 cities with data	26.8%#252 of 340 cities	4.3#126 of 304 cities with data	4,585,1292023	-1%#273 of 314 cities with data
Los AngelesCA	#31912th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	3,878,704	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	2.7#144 of 271 cities with data	28.6%#290 of 340 cities	6.9#177 of 304 cities with data	1,989,1612023	13%#217 of 314 cities with data
ChicagoIL	#2616th of 14 in its peer group	2,721,308	-0.7#256 of 340 cities	1.6#196 of 271 cities with data	22.1%#93 of 340 cities	16.9#273 of 304 cities with data	1,463,2102023	1%#265 of 314 cities with data
HoustonTX	#2749th of 14 in its peer group	2,390,125	-0.6#234 of 340 cities	5.0#96 of 271 cities with data	26.3%#238 of 340 cities	13.8#259 of 304 cities with data	1,921,5262023	23%#160 of 314 cities with data
PhoenixAZ	#1694th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	1,673,164	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	5.4#87 of 271 cities with data	24.1%#157 of 340 cities	8.3#207 of 304 cities with data	1,023,5922023	44%#19 of 314 cities with data
PhiladelphiaPA	#33512th of 14 in its peer group	1,573,916	-1.0#283 of 340 cities	1.9#180 of 271 cities with data	29.7%#309 of 340 cities	17.0#274 of 304 cities with data	745,9312023	-16%#300 of 314 cities with data
San AntonioTX	#2569th of 14 in its peer group	1,526,656	+0.1#91 of 340 cities	4.1#109 of 271 cities with data	25.2%#197 of 340 cities	8.3#206 of 304 cities with data	826,9472023	16%#209 of 314 cities with data
San DiegoCA	#2288th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	1,404,452	-0.7#259 of 340 cities	3.22022#169 of 303 cities with data	26.1%#232 of 340 cities	2.6#87 of 304 cities with data	867,0542023	8%#250 of 314 cities with data
DallasTX	#33013th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	1,326,087	-1.8#331 of 340 cities	7.92022#73 of 303 cities with data	25.8%#224 of 340 cities	13.6#257 of 304 cities with data	983,5792023	28%#115 of 314 cities with data
JacksonvilleFL	#24911th of 14 in its peer group	1,009,833	+0.1#95 of 340 cities	6.3#65 of 271 cities with data	26.0%#230 of 340 cities	6.2#167 of 304 cities with data	565,6732023	14%#214 of 314 cities with data
Fort WorthTX	#1162nd of 14 in its peer group	1,008,106	-0.1#143 of 340 cities	13.0#14 of 271 cities with data	23.7%#144 of 340 cities	7.1#183 of 304 cities with data	493,3422023	16%#206 of 314 cities with data
HonoluluHI	#701st of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	998,747	-0.7#245 of 340 cities	2.52022#198 of 303 cities with data	22.8%#112 of 340 cities	2.3#69 of 304 cities with data	441,9802023	38%#43 of 314 cities with data
San JoseCA	#1627th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	997,368	-1.1#308 of 340 cities	2.0#172 of 271 cities with data	21.6%#81 of 340 cities	2.6#83 of 304 cities with data	453,9822023	26%#136 of 314 cities with data
AustinTX	#1756th of 14 in its peer group	993,588	-1.0#286 of 340 cities	9.5#37 of 271 cities with data	23.5%#140 of 340 cities	6.6#170 of 304 cities with data	855,2302023	28%#122 of 314 cities with data
CharlotteNC	#1506th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	943,476	+0.2#72 of 340 cities	—	23.9%#148 of 340 cities	11.3#239 of 304 cities with data	710,8752023	40%#30 of 314 cities with data
ColumbusOH	#24411th of 14 in its peer group	933,263	-0.7#266 of 340 cities	6.5#59 of 271 cities with data	24.7%#182 of 340 cities	12.5#250 of 304 cities with data	559,7512023	16%#208 of 314 cities with data
IndianapolisIN	#28214th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	891,484	-1.1#304 of 340 cities	—	21.9%#86 of 340 cities	19.3#283 of 304 cities with data	624,8302023	10%#231 of 314 cities with data
San FranciscoCA	#28013th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	827,526	-0.7#241 of 340 cities	0.9#223 of 271 cities with data	21.0%#69 of 340 cities	4.2#125 of 304 cities with data	747,9962023	5%#258 of 314 cities with data
SeattleWA	#1783rd of 14 in its peer group	780,995	-0.5#212 of 340 cities	7.5#49 of 271 cities with data	20.3%#49 of 340 cities	6.5#169 of 304 cities with data	656,8212023	24%#151 of 314 cities with data
DenverCO	#2148th of 14 in its peer group	729,019	-0.3#174 of 340 cities	5.5#83 of 271 cities with data	24.3%#167 of 340 cities	9.7#223 of 304 cities with data	557,8532023	37%#52 of 314 cities with data
Oklahoma CityOK	#1072nd of 14 in its peer group	712,919	-0.2#160 of 340 cities	6.2#67 of 271 cities with data	20.2%#47 of 340 cities	10.7#229 of 304 cities with data	427,1002023	32%#84 of 314 cities with data
NashvilleTN	#1897th of 14 in its peer group	704,963	-0.4#187 of 340 cities	9.6#35 of 271 cities with data	25.0%#190 of 340 cities	14.6#264 of 304 cities with data	549,8362023	5%#257 of 314 cities with data
WashingtonDC	#27012th of 14 in its peer group	702,250	-0.1#134 of 340 cities	2.5#154 of 271 cities with data	21.1%#71 of 340 cities	25.8#295 of 304 cities with data	673,3122023	9%#241 of 314 cities with data
El PasoTX	#1183rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	681,723	-0.8#278 of 340 cities	2.62020#161 of 255 cities with data	21.3%#73 of 340 cities	2.9#100 of 304 cities with data	304,8292023	38%#41 of 314 cities with data
Las VegasNV	#2049th of 14 in its peer group	678,922	+0.5#45 of 340 cities	5.3#92 of 271 cities with data	25.8%#223 of 340 cities	16.5#271 of 304 cities with data	288,3962023	40%#29 of 314 cities with data
BostonMA	#2183rd of 14 in its peer group	673,458	-1.4#328 of 340 cities	2.7#147 of 271 cities with data	27.0%#259 of 340 cities	3.7#115 of 304 cities with data	718,5712023	7%#255 of 314 cities with data
DetroitMI	#34014th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	645,705	-0.5#218 of 340 cities	3.0#139 of 271 cities with data	33.4%#334 of 340 cities	31.4#300 of 304 cities with data	228,7612021	22%#170 of 314 cities with data
LouisvilleKY	#1835th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	640,796	-0.6#227 of 340 cities	3.42012#99 of 285 cities with data	20.4%#55 of 340 cities	22.8#289 of 304 cities with data	166,4852023	33%#71 of 314 cities with data
PortlandOR	#1955th of 14 in its peer group	635,749	-0.6#229 of 340 cities	4.92023#103 of 269 cities with data	21.6%#79 of 340 cities	10.7#231 of 304 cities with data	462,7832023	26%#137 of 314 cities with data
MemphisTN	#33714th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	610,919	-1.4#326 of 340 cities	—	28.8%#295 of 340 cities	41.1#302 of 304 cities with data	408,5252023	25%#149 of 314 cities with data
BaltimoreMD	#31211th of 14 in its peer group	568,271	-0.6#224 of 340 cities	2.2#164 of 271 cities with data	24.9%#186 of 340 cities	34.3#301 of 304 cities with data	344,6112023	1%#269 of 314 cities with data
MilwaukeeWI	#32211th of 14 in its peer group	563,531	-0.6#231 of 340 cities	0.4#252 of 271 cities with data	22.8%#113 of 340 cities	24.3#294 of 304 cities with data	283,0322023	17%#201 of 314 cities with data
AlbuquerqueNM	#25713th of 14 in its peer group	560,326	-0.7#244 of 340 cities	2.0#175 of 271 cities with data	20.6%#61 of 340 cities	19.1#282 of 304 cities with data	303,5272023	12%#223 of 314 cities with data
TucsonAZ	#1486th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	554,013	+0.4#57 of 340 cities	3.32019#160 of 304 cities with data	24.5%#174 of 340 cities	8.5#210 of 304 cities with data	252,5862023	40%#31 of 314 cities with data
FresnoCA	#23610th of 14 in its peer group	550,105	-0.6#236 of 340 cities	2.0#170 of 271 cities with data	25.0%#189 of 340 cities	5.8#160 of 304 cities with data	258,7202023	11%#228 of 314 cities with data
SacramentoCA	#25411th of 14 in its peer group	535,798	-0.4#184 of 340 cities	3.8#115 of 271 cities with data	24.2%#166 of 340 cities	8.2#202 of 304 cities with data	348,6702023	-17%#303 of 314 cities with data
AtlantaGA	#1964th of 14 in its peer group	520,070	-0.7#267 of 340 cities	14.92023#18 of 269 cities with data	24.0%#154 of 340 cities	23.7#292 of 304 cities with data	552,9992023	29%#112 of 314 cities with data
MesaAZ	#1284th of 14 in its peer group	517,151	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	5.3#91 of 271 cities with data	23.9%#151 of 340 cities	2.7#91 of 304 cities with data	183,3132023	-10%#290 of 314 cities with data
Kansas CityMO	#20010th of 14 in its peer group	516,032	+0.2#74 of 340 cities	5.6#81 of 271 cities with data	22.2%#96 of 340 cities	27.3#297 of 304 cities with data	331,8752023	37%#47 of 314 cities with data
RaleighNC	#402nd of 14 in its peer group	499,825	+0.8#32 of 340 cities	10.1#33 of 271 cities with data	23.4%#138 of 340 cities	4.8#136 of 304 cities with data	393,5992023	43%#22 of 314 cities with data
Colorado SpringsCO	#14910th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	493,554	-0.0#117 of 340 cities	—	24.4%#171 of 340 cities	6.7#172 of 304 cities with data	234,6232023	35%#60 of 314 cities with data
OmahaNE	#764th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	489,265	-0.2#154 of 340 cities	8.9#40 of 271 cities with data	20.6%#60 of 340 cities	4.1#121 of 304 cities with data	336,6812023	22%#169 of 314 cities with data
MiamiFL	#2085th of 14 in its peer group	487,014	-2.4#338 of 340 cities	12.4#17 of 271 cities with data	35.7%#338 of 340 cities	6.0#162 of 304 cities with data	326,9952023	-3%#278 of 314 cities with data
Virginia BeachVA	#1398th of 14 in its peer group	454,808	-0.5#209 of 340 cities	1.5#197 of 271 cities with data	22.2%#98 of 340 cities	3.3#107 of 304 cities with data	180,4202023	7%#252 of 314 cities with data
Long BeachCA	#26011th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	450,901	-1.0#288 of 340 cities	1.12022#256 of 303 cities with data	25.8%#222 of 340 cities	8.2#201 of 304 cities with data	175,4242023	27%#128 of 314 cities with data
OaklandCA	#32814th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	443,554	-1.3#325 of 340 cities	0.9#226 of 271 cities with data	23.6%#142 of 340 cities	18.3#280 of 304 cities with data	220,6122023	13%#215 of 314 cities with data
MinneapolisMN	#2426th of 14 in its peer group	428,579	-0.4#183 of 340 cities	1.1#218 of 271 cities with data	20.7%#63 of 340 cities	18.0#277 of 304 cities with data	339,1312023	16%#210 of 314 cities with data
BakersfieldCA	#874th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	417,468	-0.2#161 of 340 cities	4.32022#135 of 303 cities with data	25.0%#188 of 340 cities	6.7#174 of 304 cities with data	149,0092023	27%#132 of 314 cities with data
TulsaOK	#19211th of 14 in its peer group	415,154	+0.0#111 of 340 cities	1.7#188 of 271 cities with data	21.6%#80 of 340 cities	9.2#216 of 304 cities with data	267,5402023	36%#54 of 314 cities with data
TampaFL	#1886th of 14 in its peer group	414,547	-0.7#255 of 340 cities	6.1#68 of 271 cities with data	27.1%#263 of 340 cities	8.2#200 of 304 cities with data	416,8472023	-4%#280 of 314 cities with data
ArlingtonTX	#20710th of 14 in its peer group	403,672	-0.1#142 of 340 cities	4.2#108 of 271 cities with data	25.7%#219 of 340 cities	4.2#123 of 304 cities with data	188,0512023	23%#164 of 314 cities with data
AuroraCO	#1937th of 14 in its peer group	403,130	-1.0#284 of 340 cities	5.9#74 of 271 cities with data	24.7%#181 of 340 cities	9.7#221 of 304 cities with data	172,9302023	23%#161 of 314 cities with data
WichitaKS	#1178th of 14 in its peer group	400,991	+0.1#90 of 340 cities	3.2#128 of 271 cities with data	18.0%#19 of 340 cities	8.2#203 of 304 cities with data	205,2662023	32%#82 of 314 cities with data
ClevelandOH	#32712th of 14 in its peer group	365,379	-0.5#220 of 340 cities	2.5#155 of 271 cities with data	26.6%#246 of 340 cities	30.7#299 of 304 cities with data	293,2452023	36%#53 of 314 cities with data
New OrleansLA	#30010th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	362,701	-1.4#327 of 340 cities	2.92023#155 of 269 cities with data	26.7%#250 of 340 cities	52.92023#306 of 309 cities with data	192,7992023	32%#85 of 314 cities with data
HendersonNV	#637th of 14 in its peer group	350,039	+0.5#46 of 340 cities	9.4#38 of 271 cities with data	23.4%#137 of 340 cities	2.6#80 of 304 cities with data	115,2112023	24%#153 of 314 cities with data
AnaheimCA	#2158th of 14 in its peer group	344,561	-0.7#247 of 340 cities	1.9#178 of 271 cities with data	26.8%#253 of 340 cities	3.5#111 of 304 cities with data	206,2042023	18%#195 of 314 cities with data
OrlandoFL	#2057th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	334,854	-1.2#311 of 340 cities	5.9#75 of 271 cities with data	28.5%#288 of 340 cities	10.02022#201 of 306 cities with data	406,4052023	12%#222 of 314 cities with data
LexingtonKY	#583rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	329,437	-0.6#233 of 340 cities	4.32019#127 of 304 cities with data	22.0%#89 of 340 cities	6.7#171 of 304 cities with data	208,3532023	45%#17 of 314 cities with data
StocktonCA	#26613th of 14 in its peer group	324,975	-0.0#116 of 340 cities	1.6#195 of 271 cities with data	24.9%#187 of 340 cities	16.3#270 of 304 cities with data	115,5242023	40%#34 of 314 cities with data
RiversideCA	#1092nd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	323,757	+0.3#60 of 340 cities	3.1#131 of 271 cities with data	27.5%#275 of 340 cities	3.1#103 of 304 cities with data	165,5382023	30%#105 of 314 cities with data
IrvineCA	#1018th of 14 in its peer group	318,683	-0.7#247 of 340 cities	11.7#22 of 271 cities with data	25.4%#206 of 340 cities	1.6#45 of 304 cities with data	298,7372023	35%#63 of 314 cities with data
Corpus ChristiTX	#1457th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	317,317	-0.4#200 of 340 cities	4.1#110 of 271 cities with data	22.7%#111 of 340 cities	7.9#192 of 304 cities with data	134,4642023	33%#75 of 314 cities with data
NewarkNJ	#2778th of 14 in its peer group	317,303	-0.8#270 of 340 cities	5.5#84 of 271 cities with data	30.3%#313 of 340 cities	13.2#256 of 304 cities with data	158,6162023	-3%#277 of 314 cities with data
Santa AnaCA	#1553rd of 14 in its peer group	316,184	-0.7#252 of 340 cities	4.92023#102 of 269 cities with data	27.6%#277 of 340 cities	4.7#133 of 304 cities with data	164,1162023	-17%#302 of 314 cities with data
CincinnatiOH	#2385th of 14 in its peer group	314,915	-0.4#199 of 340 cities	0.7#235 of 271 cities with data	23.5%#141 of 340 cities	21.9#287 of 304 cities with data	241,7592023	34%#67 of 314 cities with data
PittsburghPA	#1791st of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	307,668	-0.4#198 of 340 cities	5.4#85 of 271 cities with data	23.4%#134 of 340 cities	12.7#253 of 304 cities with data	301,9542023	-7%#286 of 314 cities with data
St. PaulMN	#2337th of 14 in its peer group	307,465	-0.6#232 of 340 cities	1.3#204 of 271 cities with data	21.3%#72 of 340 cities	8.5#209 of 304 cities with data	183,3272023	21%#177 of 314 cities with data
GreensboroNC	#1656th of 14 in its peer group	307,381	+0.0#109 of 340 cities	6.4#64 of 271 cities with data	24.8%#184 of 340 cities	14.0#260 of 304 cities with data	199,2992023	15%#212 of 314 cities with data
Jersey CityNJ	#1814th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	302,824	-1.7#330 of 340 cities	12.82022#29 of 303 cities with data	26.0%#229 of 340 cities	2.3#70 of 304 cities with data	134,9932023	-10%#291 of 314 cities with data
DurhamNC	#1226th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	301,870	-0.3#181 of 340 cities	15.02022#23 of 303 cities with data	24.2%#161 of 340 cities	11.9#244 of 304 cities with data	207,6122023	31%#92 of 314 cities with data
LincolnNE	#42nd of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	300,619	-0.0#120 of 340 cities	5.8#77 of 271 cities with data	18.7%#26 of 340 cities	2.7#89 of 304 cities with data	171,1832023	32%#88 of 314 cities with data
North Las VegasNV	#1318th of 14 in its peer group	294,034	+0.5#46 of 340 cities	7.1#51 of 271 cities with data	28.9%#298 of 340 cities	12.6#252 of 304 cities with data	88,8002023	42%#25 of 314 cities with data
PlanoTX	#414th of 14 in its peer group	293,286	+1.6#17 of 340 cities	2.7#143 of 271 cities with data	19.7%#38 of 340 cities	1.0#28 of 304 cities with data	270,7462023	16%#203 of 314 cities with data
AnchorageAK	#22514th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	289,600	-0.8#272 of 340 cities	1.2#212 of 271 cities with data	17.5%#13 of 340 cities	9.7#219 of 304 cities with data	161,6362016	9%#237 of 314 cities with data
GilbertAZ	#133rd of 14 in its peer group	288,790	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	6.4#62 of 271 cities with data	20.8%#66 of 340 cities	0.7#7 of 304 cities with data	94,6102023	34%#69 of 314 cities with data
MadisonWI	#615th of 14 in its peer group	285,300	+0.2#84 of 340 cities	9.9#34 of 271 cities with data	22.5%#103 of 340 cities	2.5#76 of 304 cities with data	230,5452023	33%#79 of 314 cities with data
RenoNV	#1068th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	281,714	+0.4#53 of 340 cities	13.02019#26 of 304 cities with data	23.2%#128 of 340 cities	8.2#199 of 304 cities with data	174,9632023	24%#152 of 314 cities with data
ChandlerAZ	#231st of 14 in its peer group	281,231	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	3.6#119 of 271 cities with data	21.8%#83 of 340 cities	0.7#8 of 304 cities with data	155,8882023	30%#102 of 314 cities with data
St. LouisMO	#3099th of 14 in its peer group	279,695	-2.0#337 of 340 cities	1.02023#225 of 269 cities with data	23.5%#139 of 340 cities	54.0#303 of 304 cities with data	229,3792023	34%#64 of 314 cities with data
Chula VistaCA	#1527th of 14 in its peer group	278,546	-0.7#259 of 340 cities	4.4#104 of 271 cities with data	26.7%#249 of 340 cities	1.1#29 of 304 cities with data	72,4442023	25%#146 of 314 cities with data
BuffaloNY	#2836th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	276,617	-0.3#165 of 340 cities	0.12011#262 of 281 cities with data	26.3%#237 of 340 cities	13.7#258 of 304 cities with data	147,7922023	-12%#294 of 314 cities with data
Fort WayneIN	#925th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	273,203	+0.1#86 of 340 cities	0.42009#216 of 283 cities with data	20.5%#59 of 340 cities	11.7#242 of 304 cities with data	163,6292023	29%#113 of 314 cities with data
LubbockTX	#1191st of 14 in its peer group	272,086	+0.5#48 of 340 cities	6.8#55 of 271 cities with data	23.8%#146 of 340 cities	5.5#152 of 304 cities with data	148,1632023	37%#46 of 314 cities with data
St. PetersburgFL	#1852nd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	267,102	-0.4#195 of 340 cities	6.0#70 of 271 cities with data	29.6%#305 of 340 cities	6.7#175 of 304 cities with data	140,5092023	7%#251 of 314 cities with data
ToledoOH	#2126th of 14 in its peer group	265,638	-0.3#180 of 340 cities	0.5#244 of 271 cities with data	21.6%#78 of 340 cities	12.0#246 of 304 cities with data	122,4202023	78%#2 of 314 cities with data
LaredoTX	#1102nd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	261,260	-0.9#281 of 340 cities	6.02023#81 of 269 cities with data	20.7%#65 of 340 cities	2.3#68 of 304 cities with data	98,4612023	31%#95 of 314 cities with data
Port St. LucieFL	#523rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	258,575	+3.0#3 of 340 cities	14.7#11 of 271 cities with data	29.7%#308 of 340 cities	2.02023#59 of 309 cities with data	37,2582023	42%#26 of 314 cities with data
GlendaleAZ	#1584th of 14 in its peer group	258,143	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	5.3#90 of 271 cities with data	27.1%#262 of 340 cities	7.7#187 of 304 cities with data	88,5302023	25%#147 of 314 cities with data
IrvingTX	#25110th of 14 in its peer group	258,060	-1.8#331 of 340 cities	2.1#169 of 271 cities with data	24.5%#176 of 340 cities	7.8#188 of 304 cities with data	262,9122023	34%#65 of 314 cities with data
Winston-SalemNC	#1386th of 14 in its peer group	255,769	+0.3#59 of 340 cities	8.3#44 of 271 cities with data	26.4%#241 of 340 cities	11.3#238 of 304 cities with data	159,4642023	32%#86 of 314 cities with data
ChesapeakeVA	#1049th of 14 in its peer group	254,997	-0.2#152 of 340 cities	2.3#160 of 271 cities with data	21.9%#88 of 340 cities	4.7#131 of 304 cities with data	110,7162023	7%#254 of 314 cities with data
GarlandTX	#25211th of 14 in its peer group	250,431	-1.8#331 of 340 cities	2.2#166 of 271 cities with data	26.6%#245 of 340 cities	4.8#135 of 304 cities with data	79,8972023	25%#148 of 314 cities with data
ScottsdaleAZ	#657th of 14 in its peer group	246,170	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	5.4#88 of 271 cities with data	24.2%#164 of 340 cities	0.4#1 of 304 cities with data	215,5472023	38%#44 of 314 cities with data
BoiseID	#323rd of 14 in its peer group	237,963	+1.0#28 of 340 cities	3.1#133 of 271 cities with data	22.7%#110 of 340 cities	1.3#35 of 304 cities with data	187,8692023	13%#216 of 314 cities with data
HialeahFL	#1632nd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	235,388	-2.4#338 of 340 cities	1.3#206 of 271 cities with data	40.2%#340 of 340 cities	0.8#15 of 304 cities with data	63,3902023	25%#150 of 314 cities with data
FriscoTX	#73rd of 14 in its peer group	235,208	+1.6#15 of 340 cities	5.7#79 of 271 cities with data	18.1%#21 of 340 cities	1.3#36 of 304 cities with data	100,2022023	35%#58 of 314 cities with data
RichmondVA	#2095th of 14 in its peer group	233,655	+0.1#85 of 340 cities	10.9#29 of 271 cities with data	27.5%#276 of 340 cities	24.0#293 of 304 cities with data	174,7062023	8%#243 of 314 cities with data
Cape CoralFL	#593rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	233,025	+0.6#42 of 340 cities	14.6#12 of 271 cities with data	28.0%#283 of 340 cities	0.92023#13 of 309 cities with data	44,7552023	28%#121 of 314 cities with data
NorfolkVA	#31114th of 14 in its peer group	231,105	-1.1#306 of 340 cities	1.9#179 of 271 cities with data	25.8%#227 of 340 cities	15.6#268 of 304 cities with data	130,8692023	10%#235 of 314 cities with data
SpokaneWA	#1056th of 14 in its peer group	230,609	+0.2#78 of 340 cities	5.7#78 of 271 cities with data	20.5%#56 of 340 cities	6.9#180 of 304 cities with data	130,1802023	13%#218 of 314 cities with data
HuntsvilleAL	#262nd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	230,402	+1.6#13 of 340 cities	6.4#61 of 271 cities with data	17.9%#17 of 340 cities	8.2#205 of 304 cities with data	183,4182023	47%#10 of 314 cities with data
Santa ClaritaCAcouncil-picked	#788th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	229,159	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	1.2#213 of 271 cities with data	25.3%#201 of 340 cities	—	77,4362023	50%#8 of 314 cities with data
TacomaWA	#27814th of 14 in its peer group	228,202	+0.1#96 of 340 cities	1.8#185 of 271 cities with data	23.9%#152 of 340 cities	8.8#213 of 304 cities with data	125,2022023	20%#180 of 314 cities with data
FremontCA	#1329th of 14 in its peer group	228,192	-1.3#322 of 340 cities	0.6#243 of 271 cities with data	19.9%#41 of 340 cities	2.6#85 of 304 cities with data	129,7402023	9%#238 of 314 cities with data
McKinneyTX	#123rd of 14 in its peer group	227,526	+1.6#17 of 340 cities	17.2#9 of 271 cities with data	18.4%#23 of 340 cities	2.6#88 of 304 cities with data	70,6492023	32%#81 of 314 cities with data
San BernardinoCA	#32110th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	224,775	-0.3#168 of 340 cities	0.2#257 of 271 cities with data	28.7%#293 of 340 cities	11.1#234 of 304 cities with data	123,7722023	17%#200 of 314 cities with data
Baton RougeLA	#33914th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	220,907	-0.7#243 of 340 cities	1.22021#232 of 290 cities with data	25.8%#221 of 340 cities	24.02023#286 of 309 cities with data	168,4782023	33%#72 of 314 cities with data
ModestoCA	#1338th of 14 in its peer group	220,592	-0.4#191 of 340 cities	0.8#231 of 271 cities with data	27.6%#278 of 340 cities	2.7#92 of 304 cities with data	83,0002023	17%#198 of 314 cities with data
FontanaCA	#1032nd of 14 in its peer group	218,455	-0.3#168 of 340 cities	6.2#66 of 271 cities with data	24.1%#158 of 340 cities	1.4#39 of 304 cities with data	59,4682023	13%#219 of 314 cities with data
Salt Lake CityUT	#22212th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	217,783	-0.8#275 of 340 cities	5.9#73 of 271 cities with data	22.4%#101 of 340 cities	5.1#144 of 304 cities with data	295,4332023	46%#13 of 314 cities with data
Moreno ValleyCAcouncil-picked	#22010th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	213,919	+0.3#61 of 340 cities	2.5#150 of 271 cities with data	28.5%#289 of 340 cities	—	61,8632023	-25%#308 of 314 cities with data
Des MoinesIA	#16811th of 14 in its peer group	213,096	+0.2#70 of 340 cities	2.9#140 of 271 cities with data	19.7%#39 of 340 cities	4.2#124 of 304 cities with data	131,8212023	10%#234 of 314 cities with data
WorcesterMA	#2325th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	211,286	-0.2#159 of 340 cities	4.5#102 of 271 cities with data	27.3%#271 of 340 cities	7.1#181 of 304 cities with data	109,7122023	-8%#288 of 314 cities with data
YonkersNY	#2193rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	211,040	-0.4#197 of 340 cities	1.2#210 of 271 cities with data	26.2%#236 of 340 cities	3.3#108 of 304 cities with data	56,9612023	-21%#306 of 314 cities with data
FayettevilleNC	#31813th of 14 in its peer group	209,496	-1.2#313 of 340 cities	2.5#152 of 271 cities with data	30.2%#312 of 340 cities	14.8#265 of 304 cities with data	87,4672023	17%#202 of 314 cities with data
Sioux FallsSD	#31st of 14 in its peer group	209,289	+0.1#88 of 340 cities	10.1#32 of 271 cities with data	17.2%#10 of 340 cities	6.7#173 of 304 cities with data	140,9742023	44%#20 of 314 cities with data
Grand PrairieTX	#1988th of 14 in its peer group	207,331	-1.8#331 of 340 cities	7.6#48 of 271 cities with data	25.5%#207 of 340 cities	1.9#58 of 304 cities with data	84,7822023	12%#221 of 314 cities with data
RochesterNY	#2958th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	207,282	-0.4#186 of 340 cities	2.3#159 of 271 cities with data	27.9%#281 of 340 cities	22.2#288 of 304 cities with data	150,0032023	0%#270 of 314 cities with data
TallahasseeFL	#32013th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	205,089	-0.6#223 of 340 cities	8.02017#55 of 279 cities with data	29.1%#301 of 340 cities	7.8#190 of 304 cities with data	155,0022023	-18%#304 of 314 cities with data
Little RockAR	#21010th of 14 in its peer group	204,774	-0.4#182 of 340 cities	2.4#158 of 271 cities with data	20.5%#57 of 340 cities	17.6#275 of 304 cities with data	187,0642023	22%#168 of 314 cities with data
AmarilloTX	#1295th of 14 in its peer group	203,729	+1.1#24 of 340 cities	6.0#72 of 271 cities with data	20.1%#46 of 340 cities	8.3#208 of 304 cities with data	95,0672023	18%#197 of 314 cities with data
Overland ParkKS	#184th of 14 in its peer group	202,893	-0.2#148 of 340 cities	2.9#141 of 271 cities with data	18.8%#28 of 340 cities	1.02023#23 of 309 cities with data	140,4452023	45%#18 of 314 cities with data
ColumbusGA	#28412th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	201,830	-0.6#228 of 340 cities	1.32023#208 of 269 cities with data	24.8%#183 of 340 cities	14.4#263 of 304 cities with data	84,6542023	33%#78 of 314 cities with data
AugustaGA	#31012th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	201,737	-0.2#147 of 340 cities	1.92012#159 of 285 cities with data	27.1%#264 of 340 cities	22.8#290 of 304 cities with data	99,1632023	19%#190 of 314 cities with data
MobileAL	#2234th of 14 in its peer group	201,367	-0.1#141 of 340 cities	3.3#125 of 271 cities with data	24.6%#179 of 340 cities	19.4#284 of 304 cities with data	134,5062023	41%#28 of 314 cities with data
OxnardCA	#26812th of 14 in its peer group	200,616	-0.5#204 of 340 cities	2.9#142 of 271 cities with data	25.0%#193 of 340 cities	2.5#77 of 304 cities with data	59,7992023	18%#193 of 314 cities with data
Grand RapidsMI	#26411th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	200,117	-0.1#145 of 340 cities	4.3#107 of 271 cities with data	23.2%#127 of 340 cities	6.0#163 of 304 cities with data	133,7122021	13%#220 of 314 cities with data
PeoriaAZ	#565th of 14 in its peer group	199,924	-0.0#122 of 340 cities	9.5#36 of 271 cities with data	24.5%#175 of 340 cities	1.5#42 of 304 cities with data	45,8072023	30%#106 of 314 cities with data
VancouverWA	#721st of 14 in its peer group	198,992	+0.2#71 of 340 cities	6.1#69 of 271 cities with data	25.6%#212 of 340 cities	5.0#143 of 304 cities with data	106,8982023	40%#35 of 314 cities with data
KnoxvilleTN	#2536th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	198,722	+0.6#43 of 340 cities	10.5#30 of 271 cities with data	27.0%#260 of 340 cities	11.6#240 of 304 cities with data	192,8432023	30%#100 of 314 cities with data
BirminghamAL	#32510th of 14 in its peer group	196,357	-0.3#175 of 340 cities	2.22023#175 of 269 cities with data	28.2%#284 of 340 cities	59.1#304 of 304 cities with data	190,9892023	20%#184 of 314 cities with data
MontgomeryAL	#1366th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	195,818	-0.9#282 of 340 cities	1.72023#198 of 269 cities with data	22.5%#102 of 340 cities	20.9#285 of 304 cities with data	123,3692023	31%#94 of 314 cities with data
ProvidenceRI	#2868th of 14 in its peer group	194,706	-0.1#138 of 340 cities	1.4#199 of 271 cities with data	27.8%#279 of 340 cities	6.2#166 of 304 cities with data	114,4672023	14%#213 of 314 cities with data
Huntington BeachCAcouncil-picked	#15612th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	193,151	-0.7#252 of 340 cities	3.12023#150 of 269 cities with data	25.5%#209 of 340 cities	2.6#82 of 304 cities with data	74,1722023	-2%#276 of 314 cities with data
BrownsvilleTX	#1265th of 14 in its peer group	191,967	-0.4#202 of 340 cities	5.6#82 of 271 cities with data	19.8%#40 of 340 cities	1.6#44 of 304 cities with data	68,6562023	24%#156 of 314 cities with data
ChattanoogaTN	#24511th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	191,496	+0.8#34 of 340 cities	6.22019#85 of 304 cities with data	25.4%#203 of 340 cities	12.5#249 of 304 cities with data	187,4102023	29%#111 of 314 cities with data
Fort LauderdaleFL	#32913th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	190,641	-1.3#317 of 340 cities	1.3#202 of 271 cities with data	25.8%#225 of 340 cities	10.0#225 of 304 cities with data	182,2092023	9%#240 of 314 cities with data
TempeAZ	#19910th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	190,114	-0.0#122 of 340 cities	3.82017#134 of 279 cities with data	28.0%#282 of 340 cities	2.6#86 of 304 cities with data	248,3052023	25%#145 of 314 cities with data
AkronOH	#24610th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	189,664	+0.0#114 of 340 cities	—	23.9%#150 of 340 cities	14.2#261 of 304 cities with data	99,1372023	26%#141 of 314 cities with data
GlendaleCAcouncil-picked	#2168th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	187,823	-1.0#300 of 340 cities	4.92022#124 of 303 cities with data	29.9%#310 of 340 cities	2.1#64 of 304 cities with data	109,5202023	-5%#282 of 314 cities with data
ClarksvilleTN	#937th of 14 in its peer group	185,690	+1.1#22 of 340 cities	11.1#25 of 271 cities with data	22.1%#95 of 340 cities	4.8#138 of 304 cities with data	51,4412023	19%#189 of 314 cities with data
OntarioCA	#1704th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	185,285	-0.3#166 of 340 cities	3.4#122 of 271 cities with data	28.7%#294 of 340 cities	2.2#65 of 304 cities with data	138,7372023	-35%#311 of 314 cities with data
Newport NewsVA	#31713th of 14 in its peer group	183,056	-0.9#280 of 340 cities	0.0#269 of 271 cities with data	25.0%#191 of 340 cities	12.6#251 of 304 cities with data	98,2382023	-1%#272 of 314 cities with data
Elk GroveCAcouncil-picked	#493rd of 14 in its peer group	182,797	-0.4#184 of 340 cities	6.7#57 of 271 cities with data	23.3%#131 of 340 cities	1.6#47 of 304 cities with data	45,0312023	24%2023#156 of 309 cities with data
CaryNC	#21st of 14 in its peer group	182,659	+0.8#32 of 340 cities	5.8#76 of 271 cities with data	16.2%#7 of 340 cities	1.6#48 of 304 cities with data	106,1452023	33%#73 of 314 cities with data
AuroraIL	#17210th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	180,710	-0.2#156 of 340 cities	2.7#145 of 271 cities with data	20.7%#62 of 340 cities	0.6#2 of 304 cities with data	66,2212023	11%#230 of 314 cities with data
SalemOR	#17110th of 14 in its peer group	180,406	-0.1#139 of 340 cities	5.0#95 of 271 cities with data	22.7%#109 of 340 cities	5.0#142 of 304 cities with data	112,7842023	20%#182 of 314 cities with data
Pembroke PinesFL	#19011th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	179,326	-1.3#317 of 340 cities	0.0#271 of 271 cities with data	32.5%#329 of 340 cities	2.32020#68 of 313 cities with data	52,3792023	-11%#293 of 314 cities with data
EugeneOR	#1516th of 14 in its peer group	178,786	+0.1#93 of 340 cities	5.6#80 of 271 cities with data	25.3%#200 of 340 cities	1.1#30 of 304 cities with data	93,5712023	23%#162 of 314 cities with data
Santa RosaCAcouncil-picked	#772nd of 14 in its peer group	177,524	-0.0#133 of 340 cities	1.6#194 of 271 cities with data	25.7%#215 of 340 cities	1.1#31 of 304 cities with data	73,9822023	29%2023#108 of 309 cities with data
Rancho CucamongaCA	#18613th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	176,675	-0.3#166 of 340 cities	1.9#181 of 271 cities with data	24.7%#180 of 340 cities	1.1#32 of 304 cities with data	84,5182023	31%#93 of 314 cities with data
ShreveportLA	#33613th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	176,578	-0.7#240 of 340 cities	1.2#209 of 271 cities with data	23.0%#116 of 340 cities	26.1#296 of 304 cities with data	101,1182023	20%#185 of 314 cities with data
Garden GroveCA	#1112nd of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	172,361	-0.7#247 of 340 cities	0.6#238 of 271 cities with data	28.3%#287 of 340 cities	0.6#3 of 304 cities with data	56,3622023	23%2022#154 of 340 cities
OceansideCA	#1346th of 14 in its peer group	170,941	-0.7#259 of 340 cities	1.9#182 of 271 cities with data	27.1%#266 of 340 cities	2.9#99 of 304 cities with data	47,6142023	31%#91 of 314 cities with data
Fort CollinsCO	#732nd of 14 in its peer group	170,924	+0.4#56 of 340 cities	4.0#112 of 271 cities with data	25.4%#205 of 340 cities	1.8#52 of 304 cities with data	88,4322023	-16%#301 of 314 cities with data
SpringfieldMO	#1743rd of 14 in its peer group	170,596	+0.5#49 of 340 cities	0.7#232 of 271 cities with data	22.2%#97 of 340 cities	5.9#161 of 304 cities with data	161,9502023	27%#124 of 314 cities with data
MurfreesboroTN	#1129th of 14 in its peer group	168,387	+0.8#38 of 340 cities	6.5#60 of 271 cities with data	23.9%#147 of 340 cities	3.6#112 of 304 cities with data	74,7672023	23%#163 of 314 cities with data
SurpriseAZ	#4211th of 14 in its peer group	167,564	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	20.8#8 of 271 cities with data	24.6%#177 of 340 cities	7.2#184 of 304 cities with data	28,5212023	36%#57 of 314 cities with data
LancasterCA	#27611th of 14 in its peer group · on 5 of 9 measures	167,426	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	5.4#89 of 271 cities with data	26.5%#244 of 340 cities	—	48,9392023	18%#192 of 314 cities with data
DentonTX	#856th of 14 in its peer group	165,998	+1.5#20 of 340 cities	11.9#21 of 271 cities with data	23.3%#129 of 340 cities	4.8#137 of 304 cities with data	75,2092023	30%#101 of 314 cities with data
RosevilleCAcouncil-picked	#296th of 14 in its peer group	163,304	+1.7#10 of 340 cities	11.7#23 of 271 cities with data	22.1%#94 of 340 cities	1.2#33 of 304 cities with data	94,6042023	38%#40 of 314 cities with data
PalmdaleCAcouncil-picked	#29312th of 14 in its peer group · on 5 of 9 measures	162,536	-1.0#300 of 340 cities	0.6#241 of 271 cities with data	30.5%#315 of 340 cities	5.5#153 of 304 cities with data	38,3102023	39%#38 of 314 cities with data
CoronaCAcouncil-picked	#14211th of 14 in its peer group	161,540	+0.3#61 of 340 cities	1.7#186 of 271 cities with data	26.8%#251 of 340 cities	1.2#34 of 304 cities with data	79,6312023	30%#107 of 314 cities with data
SalinasCA	#30113th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	160,783	-1.3#314 of 340 cities	0.9#227 of 271 cities with data	26.9%#258 of 340 cities	3.7#116 of 304 cities with data	58,5502023	17%#199 of 314 cities with data
KilleenTX	#22412th of 14 in its peer group	160,616	+0.1#89 of 340 cities	7.1#52 of 271 cities with data	24.4%#172 of 340 cities	11.8#243 of 304 cities with data	30,0092023	27%#129 of 314 cities with data
PatersonNJ	#29610th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	160,463	-1.1#307 of 340 cities	2.82022#184 of 303 cities with data	32.6%#331 of 340 cities	6.9#176 of 304 cities with data	42,9122023	8%#247 of 314 cities with data
AlexandriaVA	#25813th of 14 in its peer group	159,102	-0.9#279 of 340 cities	0.2#260 of 271 cities with data	20.3%#50 of 340 cities	1.9#56 of 304 cities with data	79,8082023	18%#196 of 314 cities with data
HollywoodFL	#33413th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	159,073	-1.3#317 of 340 cities	0.2#258 of 271 cities with data	31.9%#325 of 340 cities	10.52020#210 of 313 cities with data	70,4132023	11%#224 of 314 cities with data
HaywardCA	#1546th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	158,440	-1.3#322 of 340 cities	1.1#216 of 271 cities with data	25.4%#202 of 340 cities	7.6#186 of 304 cities with data	70,2382023	23%2023#161 of 309 cities with data
CharlestonSC	#903rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	157,665	+0.3#67 of 340 cities	9.82007#45 of 278 cities with data	23.1%#123 of 340 cities	4.4#129 of 304 cities with data	113,3002023	50%#7 of 314 cities with data
Macon-Bibb CountyGA	#25013th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	157,056	-0.1#137 of 340 cities	0.92019#258 of 304 cities with data	28.9%#297 of 340 cities	17.8#276 of 304 cities with data	79,8692023	21%#178 of 314 cities with data
LakewoodCO	#1537th of 14 in its peer group	156,868	-0.3#162 of 340 cities	1.2#211 of 271 cities with data	24.5%#173 of 340 cities	2.5#78 of 304 cities with data	96,1602023	30%#103 of 314 cities with data
SunnyvaleCAcouncil-picked	#1087th of 14 in its peer group	156,792	-1.1#308 of 340 cities	1.3#203 of 271 cities with data	19.1%#30 of 340 cities	0.6#4 of 304 cities with data	108,3362023	-4%#281 of 314 cities with data
Kansas CityKS	#1873rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	156,752	-0.6#221 of 340 cities	2.0#171 of 271 cities with data	23.1%#125 of 340 cities	12.1#247 of 304 cities with data	85,6152023	-15%#298 of 314 cities with data
SpringfieldMA	#32614th of 14 in its peer group	154,888	-0.2#146 of 340 cities	1.1#219 of 271 cities with data	22.6%#106 of 340 cities	11.0#233 of 304 cities with data	79,8622023	-5%#284 of 314 cities with data
BellevueWAcouncil-picked	#433rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	154,377	-0.5#212 of 340 cities	3.8#114 of 271 cities with data	18.6%#25 of 340 cities	0.6#5 of 304 cities with data	158,1212023	40%#36 of 314 cities with data
NapervilleIL	#283rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	153,124	-0.7#246 of 340 cities	2.4#156 of 271 cities with data	15.3%#4 of 340 cities	0.7#6 of 304 cities with data	88,7192023	28%#117 of 314 cities with data
JolietIL	#807th of 14 in its peer group	151,837	-0.1#135 of 340 cities	2.3#162 of 271 cities with data	14.9%#3 of 340 cities	3.32023#86 of 309 cities with data	55,0202023	27%#126 of 314 cities with data
BridgeportCT	#33114th of 14 in its peer group	151,599	-0.5#208 of 340 cities	3.2#130 of 271 cities with data	32.7%#332 of 340 cities	7.9#193 of 304 cities with data	42,1372023	2%#262 of 314 cities with data
MesquiteTX	#21112th of 14 in its peer group	150,140	-1.8#331 of 340 cities	4.8#98 of 271 cities with data	29.1%#302 of 340 cities	4.0#118 of 304 cities with data	51,3182023	28%#118 of 314 cities with data
PasadenaTX	#2738th of 14 in its peer group	149,617	-0.6#234 of 340 cities	0.3#254 of 271 cities with data	23.1%#122 of 340 cities	4.0#119 of 304 cities with data	69,5142023	30%#99 of 314 cities with data
OlatheKS	#246th of 14 in its peer group	149,035	-0.2#148 of 340 cities	3.4#123 of 271 cities with data	13.7%#1 of 340 cities	2.0#61 of 304 cities with data	73,2592023	18%#194 of 314 cities with data
EscondidoCA	#1301st of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	148,847	-0.7#259 of 340 cities	2.7#148 of 271 cities with data	26.2%#235 of 340 cities	1.3#37 of 304 cities with data	54,3252023	12%2022#241 of 340 cities
SavannahGA	#2435th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	148,808	+0.0#115 of 340 cities	2.92022#178 of 303 cities with data	32.6%#330 of 340 cities	15.5#267 of 304 cities with data	97,3822023	32%#80 of 314 cities with data
McAllenTX	#191st of 14 in its peer group	148,782	-0.2#150 of 340 cities	11.6#24 of 271 cities with data	19.1%#29 of 340 cities	2.7#90 of 304 cities with data	94,3662023	21%#175 of 314 cities with data
GainesvilleFL	#2889th of 14 in its peer group	148,720	-0.4#189 of 340 cities	8.2#45 of 271 cities with data	35.5%#337 of 340 cities	4.7#132 of 304 cities with data	97,9292023	-4%#279 of 314 cities with data
PomonaCA	#26313th of 14 in its peer group	147,966	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	1.9#176 of 271 cities with data	26.4%#242 of 340 cities	8.1#198 of 304 cities with data	53,9892023	17%2023#199 of 309 cities with data
RockfordIL	#2017th of 14 in its peer group	147,486	-0.0#121 of 340 cities	0.9#225 of 271 cities with data	22.5%#104 of 340 cities	12.9#255 of 304 cities with data	84,6792023	20%#179 of 314 cities with data
ThorntonCO	#254th of 14 in its peer group	146,689	+0.2#79 of 340 cities	1.7#190 of 271 cities with data	24.6%#178 of 340 cities	1.4#38 of 304 cities with data	39,5632023	37%#45 of 314 cities with data
WacoTX	#2215th of 14 in its peer group	146,608	-0.1#136 of 340 cities	4.8#97 of 271 cities with data	26.6%#247 of 340 cities	5.5#151 of 304 cities with data	89,0322023	16%#204 of 314 cities with data
VisaliaCAcouncil-picked	#1677th of 14 in its peer group	146,271	-0.4#201 of 340 cities	3.9#113 of 271 cities with data	23.0%#121 of 340 cities	4.8#134 of 304 cities with data	67,8112023	33%#76 of 314 cities with data
SyracuseNY	#2978th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	146,097	-0.5#207 of 340 cities	2.0#174 of 271 cities with data	25.1%#195 of 340 cities	15.1#266 of 304 cities with data	104,2652023	1%#264 of 314 cities with data
ColumbiaSC	#26512th of 14 in its peer group	144,788	+0.5#44 of 340 cities	14.8#10 of 271 cities with data	27.1%#267 of 340 cities	9.7#220 of 304 cities with data	142,4552023	20%#181 of 314 cities with data
MidlandTX	#673rd of 14 in its peer group	143,687	+0.9#31 of 340 cities	10.5#31 of 271 cities with data	23.7%#145 of 340 cities	5.6#154 of 304 cities with data	80,0872023	39%#37 of 314 cities with data
MiramarFL	#20313th of 14 in its peer group	143,242	-1.3#315 of 340 cities	0.12023#263 of 269 cities with data	32.1%#326 of 340 cities	5.6#155 of 304 cities with data	42,7242023	-8%#287 of 314 cities with data
Palm BayFL	#835th of 14 in its peer group	142,023	+1.7#11 of 340 cities	21.6#5 of 271 cities with data	26.8%#254 of 340 cities	9.2#217 of 304 cities with data	35,7442023	36%#56 of 314 cities with data
LakewoodNJcouncil-picked	#81st of 14 in its peer group	141,985	+0.2#83 of 340 cities	11.92023#24 of 269 cities with data	28.8%#296 of 340 cities	1.4#40 of 304 cities with data	54,1362023	31%#90 of 314 cities with data
JacksonMS	#33312th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	141,449	-1.6#329 of 340 cities	0.4#253 of 271 cities with data	29.7%#307 of 340 cities	47.32019#296 of 298 cities with data	103,0302023	36%#55 of 314 cities with data
Coral SpringsFL	#16111th of 14 in its peer group	140,808	-1.3#317 of 340 cities	0.1#265 of 271 cities with data	27.3%#272 of 340 cities	2.8#96 of 304 cities with data	42,1002023	24%#154 of 314 cities with data
VictorvilleCAcouncil-picked	#28511th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	140,721	-0.3#168 of 340 cities	3.3#127 of 271 cities with data	26.8%#256 of 340 cities	7.8#191 of 304 cities with data	33,4122023	37%#50 of 314 cities with data
ElizabethNJ	#2718th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	140,413	-0.7#238 of 340 cities	1.32022#238 of 303 cities with data	31.5%#322 of 340 cities	5.0#140 of 304 cities with data	51,5122023	2%#261 of 314 cities with data
FullertonCAcouncil-picked	#31613th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	140,054	-0.7#247 of 340 cities	0.6#239 of 271 cities with data	28.2%#286 of 340 cities	0.7#9 of 304 cities with data	67,1642023	10%2023#237 of 309 cities with data
MeridianID	#11st of 14 in its peer group	139,740	+1.0#28 of 340 cities	11.1#27 of 271 cities with data	23.6%#143 of 340 cities	0.7#10 of 304 cities with data	61,8722023	38%#39 of 314 cities with data
TorranceCA	#1357th of 14 in its peer group	139,576	-1.0#300 of 340 cities	0.7#237 of 271 cities with data	24.0%#153 of 340 cities	1.42023#30 of 309 cities with data	98,8772023	25%#144 of 314 cities with data
StamfordCT	#1158th of 14 in its peer group	139,134	-0.7#242 of 340 cities	0.6#240 of 271 cities with data	24.9%#185 of 340 cities	0.7#11 of 304 cities with data	75,5222023	-66%#314 of 314 cities with data
West Valley CityUT	#1807th of 14 in its peer group	138,144	-0.8#275 of 340 cities	0.5#248 of 271 cities with data	20.0%#43 of 340 cities	6.5#168 of 304 cities with data	70,7592023	10%#233 of 314 cities with data
OrangeCA	#1208th of 14 in its peer group	137,941	-0.7#252 of 340 cities	1.7#191 of 271 cities with data	26.1%#231 of 340 cities	1.42023#31 of 309 cities with data	118,0382023	28%#119 of 314 cities with data
Cedar RapidsIA	#1279th of 14 in its peer group	137,904	+0.1#94 of 340 cities	4.4#103 of 271 cities with data	17.3%#11 of 340 cities	1.5#41 of 304 cities with data	100,3592023	30%#97 of 314 cities with data
WarrenMI	#2028th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	137,686	+0.2#81 of 340 cities	0.1#261 of 271 cities with data	26.8%#255 of 340 cities	5.8#159 of 304 cities with data	98,1712021	16%#205 of 314 cities with data
HamptonVA	#31413th of 14 in its peer group	137,596	+0.0#107 of 340 cities	0.5#247 of 271 cities with data	26.4%#239 of 340 cities	10.9#232 of 304 cities with data	49,0612023	8%#246 of 314 cities with data
New HavenCT	#30812th of 14 in its peer group	137,562	-0.3#178 of 340 cities	3.8#117 of 271 cities with data	31.6%#323 of 340 cities	10.2#226 of 304 cities with data	100,8242023	-53%#313 of 314 cities with data
PasadenaCA	#23710th of 14 in its peer group	137,195	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	1.1#217 of 271 cities with data	25.0%#192 of 340 cities	4.42023#121 of 309 cities with data	112,3982023	8%#249 of 314 cities with data
KentWA	#27211th of 14 in its peer group	136,588	-0.5#212 of 340 cities	1.3#201 of 271 cities with data	25.8%#226 of 340 cities	5.1#146 of 304 cities with data	78,7072023	31%#89 of 314 cities with data
DaytonOH	#3027th of 14 in its peer group	136,346	+0.0#113 of 340 cities	1.9#177 of 271 cities with data	27.3%#273 of 340 cities	29.3#298 of 304 cities with data	81,1942023	20%#187 of 314 cities with data
FargoND	#332nd of 14 in its peer group	136,285	-0.3#164 of 340 cities	4.8#99 of 271 cities with data	17.9%#16 of 340 cities	4.4#128 of 304 cities with data	105,2162023	52%#4 of 314 cities with data
LewisvilleTX	#646th of 14 in its peer group	135,983	+1.5#19 of 340 cities	12.4#16 of 271 cities with data	22.4%#100 of 340 cities	2.9#101 of 304 cities with data	67,1052023	41%#27 of 314 cities with data
CarrolltonTX	#575th of 14 in its peer group	135,456	+1.5#20 of 340 cities	0.2#259 of 271 cities with data	21.5%#77 of 340 cities	0.7#12 of 304 cities with data	94,3772023	30%#98 of 314 cities with data
Round RockTX	#111st of 14 in its peer group	135,359	+2.1#5 of 340 cities	14.3#13 of 271 cities with data	20.3%#51 of 340 cities	2.2#66 of 304 cities with data	86,8302023	40%#32 of 314 cities with data
Sterling HeightsMI	#553rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	134,342	+0.2#81 of 340 cities	0.5#245 of 271 cities with data	21.3%#74 of 340 cities	0.7#13 of 304 cities with data	55,0212021	33%#77 of 314 cities with data
Santa ClaraCA	#746th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	133,132	-1.1#308 of 340 cities	0.7#233 of 271 cities with data	19.3%#31 of 340 cities	2.3#67 of 304 cities with data	126,1092023	-29%#310 of 314 cities with data
NormanOK	#813rd of 14 in its peer group	131,010	+0.1#98 of 340 cities	3.3#126 of 271 cities with data	17.8%#15 of 340 cities	0.8#14 of 304 cities with data	49,0332023	8%#244 of 314 cities with data
ColumbiaMO	#753rd of 14 in its peer group	130,900	-0.2#153 of 340 cities	7.7#47 of 271 cities with data	17.3%#12 of 340 cities	9.9#224 of 304 cities with data	95,6042023	26%#139 of 314 cities with data
AbileneTX	#1478th of 14 in its peer group	130,501	-0.1#140 of 340 cities	3.7#118 of 271 cities with data	23.9%#149 of 340 cities	6.1#165 of 304 cities with data	60,1252023	26%#138 of 314 cities with data
PearlandTX	#344th of 14 in its peer group	129,620	+1.8#9 of 340 cities	0.5#249 of 271 cities with data	16.8%#8 of 340 cities	2.3#71 of 304 cities with data	40,1592023	28%#120 of 314 cities with data
AthensGA	#2419th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	128,691	-1.2#312 of 340 cities	4.12013#101 of 281 cities with data	28.7%#291 of 340 cities	3.9#117 of 304 cities with data	71,0992023	35%#59 of 314 cities with data
College StationTX	#1467th of 14 in its peer group	128,023	-0.8#271 of 340 cities	8.7#41 of 271 cities with data	29.0%#300 of 340 cities	2.3#72 of 304 cities with data	56,4212023	42%#24 of 314 cities with data
ClovisCAcouncil-picked	#444th of 14 in its peer group	127,993	-0.6#237 of 340 cities	5.2#94 of 271 cities with data	23.2%#126 of 340 cities	1.6#43 of 304 cities with data	40,2322023	22%2023#168 of 309 cities with data
West Palm BeachFL	#29210th of 14 in its peer group	127,744	-0.5#206 of 340 cities	1.8#183 of 271 cities with data	30.6%#317 of 340 cities	8.6#211 of 304 cities with data	95,6342023	-0%#271 of 314 cities with data
AllentownPA	#30411th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	127,138	-0.1#144 of 340 cities	2.1#168 of 271 cities with data	35.2%#336 of 340 cities	3.1#104 of 304 cities with data	48,6342023	11%#225 of 314 cities with data
North CharlestonSC	#2297th of 14 in its peer group	126,005	+0.3#68 of 340 cities	17.72023#9 of 269 cities with data	29.7%#306 of 340 cities	16.7#272 of 304 cities with data	112,6172023	34%#68 of 314 cities with data
Simi ValleyCA	#918th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	125,778	-0.5#203 of 340 cities	0.1#264 of 271 cities with data	24.0%#156 of 340 cities	2.4#73 of 304 cities with data	36,6832023	-7%2023#287 of 309 cities with data
TopekaKS	#23014th of 14 in its peer group	125,467	+0.0#105 of 340 cities	0.8#229 of 271 cities with data	20.0%#45 of 340 cities	15.9#269 of 304 cities with data	89,0192023	54%#3 of 314 cities with data
WilmingtonNC	#1147th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	125,284	+1.0#26 of 340 cities	—	29.3%#304 of 340 cities	5.6#156 of 304 cities with data	91,2092023	22%#166 of 314 cities with data
LakelandFL	#1607th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	124,990	+2.3#4 of 340 cities	3.0#136 of 271 cities with data	27.2%#268 of 340 cities	11.2#236 of 304 cities with data	108,1742023	-14%#297 of 314 cities with data
Thousand OaksCAcouncil-picked	#17313th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	124,229	-0.5#204 of 340 cities	0.4#251 of 271 cities with data	24.2%#162 of 340 cities	2.4#74 of 304 cities with data	66,9592023	3%#260 of 314 cities with data
ConcordCAcouncil-picked	#23910th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	124,016	-0.4#193 of 340 cities	0.7#234 of 271 cities with data	25.7%#220 of 340 cities	2.4#75 of 304 cities with data	60,1442023	21%2022#177 of 340 cities
RochesterMN	#162nd of 14 in its peer group	123,624	-0.3#176 of 340 cities	9.0#39 of 271 cities with data	20.0%#44 of 340 cities	4.0#120 of 304 cities with data	102,0002023	46%#12 of 314 cities with data
VallejoCA	#29912th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	123,475	+0.1#103 of 340 cities	0.5#246 of 271 cities with data	31.5%#321 of 340 cities	21.1#286 of 304 cities with data	29,7062023	7%#253 of 314 cities with data
Ann ArborMI	#1023rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	122,925	-1.0#287 of 340 cities	1.82023#194 of 269 cities with data	25.7%#214 of 340 cities	2.42023#65 of 309 cities with data	98,6212021	30%#96 of 314 cities with data
Broken ArrowOKcouncil-picked	#314th of 14 in its peer group	122,756	+0.0#112 of 340 cities	8.1#46 of 271 cities with data	18.0%#18 of 340 cities	3.3#105 of 304 cities with data	39,2152023	27%#133 of 314 cities with data
FairfieldCA	#997th of 14 in its peer group	122,646	+0.1#101 of 340 cities	2.3#161 of 271 cities with data	28.2%#285 of 340 cities	1.6#46 of 304 cities with data	42,4552023	20%#186 of 314 cities with data
LafayetteLA	#1596th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	122,280	+0.4#51 of 340 cities	—	21.0%#70 of 340 cities	10.6#228 of 304 cities with data	98,9592023	27%#130 of 314 cities with data
HartfordCT	#32312th of 14 in its peer group	122,129	-0.2#155 of 340 cities	0.0#267 of 271 cities with data	30.5%#316 of 340 cities	18.0#279 of 304 cities with data	112,5412023	-9%#289 of 314 cities with data
ArvadaCO	#51st of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	121,873	-0.3#162 of 340 cities	3.0#138 of 271 cities with data	18.4%#22 of 340 cities	0.82023#11 of 309 cities with data	34,9662023	26%#140 of 314 cities with data
BerkeleyCA	#1404th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	121,749	-1.3#322 of 340 cities	3.62023#131 of 269 cities with data	23.4%#135 of 340 cities	3.3#106 of 304 cities with data	73,2922023	8%#245 of 314 cities with data
IndependenceMO	#21312th of 14 in its peer group	121,629	+0.2#73 of 340 cities	0.5#250 of 271 cities with data	24.1%#159 of 340 cities	9.0#215 of 304 cities with data	39,4062023	26%#135 of 314 cities with data
BillingsMT	#844th of 14 in its peer group	121,483	+0.4#58 of 340 cities	5.4#86 of 271 cities with data	20.5%#58 of 340 cities	8.2#204 of 304 cities with data	74,8552023	42%#23 of 314 cities with data
CambridgeMA	#1825th of 14 in its peer group	121,186	-0.6#226 of 340 cities	4.0#111 of 271 cities with data	23.0%#118 of 340 cities	0.82023#12 of 309 cities with data	158,4962023	9%#242 of 314 cities with data
LowellMAcouncil-picked	#2275th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	120,418	-0.6#225 of 340 cities	0.9#224 of 271 cities with data	23.4%#133 of 340 cities	4.2#122 of 304 cities with data	39,3272023	-2%#274 of 314 cities with data
OdessaTX	#682nd of 14 in its peer group	119,748	+0.7#41 of 340 cities	8.4#43 of 271 cities with data	20.9%#67 of 340 cities	3.3#109 of 304 cities with data	56,6932023	25%#143 of 314 cities with data
High PointNC	#1417th of 14 in its peer group	118,601	+0.0#108 of 340 cities	11.0#28 of 271 cities with data	23.0%#119 of 340 cities	5.1#145 of 304 cities with data	61,1212023	27%#125 of 314 cities with data
League CityTX	#453rd of 14 in its peer group	118,456	+0.8#35 of 340 cities	7.22023#60 of 269 cities with data	15.4%#5 of 340 cities	3.4#110 of 304 cities with data	32,2582023	23%#158 of 314 cities with data
AntiochCA	#26213th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	118,453	-0.4#193 of 340 cities	2.7#146 of 271 cities with data	26.8%#257 of 340 cities	14.4#262 of 304 cities with data	24,3642023	38%2022#39 of 340 cities
RichardsonTXcouncil-picked	#13710th of 14 in its peer group	118,221	-1.8#336 of 340 cities	6.7#56 of 271 cities with data	21.8%#85 of 340 cities	1.7#49 of 304 cities with data	134,9392023	45%#15 of 314 cities with data
GoodyearAZ	#144th of 14 in its peer group	118,186	-0.0#125 of 340 cities	27.0#2 of 271 cities with data	25.7%#218 of 340 cities	3.62023#100 of 309 cities with data	40,3062023	35%#62 of 314 cities with data
Pompano BeachFL	#31511th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	118,104	-1.3#315 of 340 cities	3.62019#145 of 304 cities with data	34.2%#335 of 340 cities	17.02020#264 of 313 cities with data	62,9502023	1%#267 of 314 cities with data
NampaID	#384th of 14 in its peer group	117,350	+2.0#7 of 340 cities	12.4#18 of 271 cities with data	21.9%#87 of 340 cities	2.6#79 of 304 cities with data	51,2952023	37%#49 of 314 cities with data
MenifeeCAcouncil-picked	#26912th of 14 in its peer group · on 4 of 9 measures	117,041	+0.3#61 of 340 cities	8.4#42 of 271 cities with data	24.3%#170 of 340 cities	—	18,0742023	15%2022#221 of 340 cities
Las CrucesNM	#1236th of 14 in its peer group	116,998	+0.4#55 of 340 cities	6.4#63 of 271 cities with data	22.9%#114 of 340 cities	12.0#245 of 304 cities with data	51,7842023	48%#9 of 314 cities with data
ClearwaterFL	#1913rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	116,811	-0.4#195 of 340 cities	1.4#200 of 271 cities with data	31.7%#324 of 340 cities	4.3#127 of 304 cities with data	71,9442023	1%#266 of 314 cities with data
West JordanUT	#6611th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	116,688	-0.8#275 of 340 cities	2.5#151 of 271 cities with data	19.4%#33 of 340 cities	4.32022#116 of 306 cities with data	40,2872023	8%#248 of 314 cities with data
New BraunfelsTX	#213rd of 14 in its peer group	116,477	+3.5#1 of 340 cities	20.9#7 of 271 cities with data	22.4%#99 of 340 cities	2.6#81 of 304 cities with data	47,7342023	19%#188 of 314 cities with data
ManchesterNH	#16610th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	116,386	-0.0#119 of 340 cities	1.7#192 of 271 cities with data	23.0%#120 of 340 cities	1.7#50 of 304 cities with data	74,9972023	-12%#295 of 314 cities with data
Miami GardensFL	#33814th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	116,173	-2.4#338 of 340 cities	0.1#263 of 271 cities with data	38.0%#339 of 340 cities	11.2#235 of 304 cities with data	35,7502023	30%#108 of 314 cities with data
WaterburyCT	#30513th of 14 in its peer group	115,908	+0.2#69 of 340 cities	0.1#262 of 271 cities with data	32.7%#333 of 340 cities	6.9#178 of 304 cities with data	39,1842023	-15%#299 of 314 cities with data
ProvoUT	#823rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	115,479	+0.7#40 of 340 cities	2.5#153 of 271 cities with data	25.0%#194 of 340 cities	1.7#51 of 304 cities with data	63,5512023	-6%#285 of 314 cities with data
EvansvilleIN	#22611th of 14 in its peer group	115,395	+0.0#106 of 340 cities	1.7#193 of 271 cities with data	23.3%#130 of 340 cities	10.4#227 of 304 cities with data	93,2462023	-11%#292 of 314 cities with data
RichmondCA	#30612th of 14 in its peer group	115,353	-0.4#192 of 340 cities	1.4#198 of 271 cities with data	24.0%#155 of 340 cities	8.7#212 of 304 cities with data	35,4172023	21%2023#172 of 309 cities with data
WestminsterCO	#9711th of 14 in its peer group	115,302	+0.2#79 of 340 cities	1.2#208 of 271 cities with data	22.5%#105 of 340 cities	5.2#147 of 304 cities with data	53,2742023	27%#131 of 314 cities with data
ElginIL	#965th of 14 in its peer group	114,701	-0.2#156 of 340 cities	3.5#121 of 271 cities with data	18.8%#27 of 340 cities	6.1#164 of 304 cities with data	57,5212023	27%#134 of 314 cities with data
ConroeTX	#486th of 14 in its peer group	114,581	+3.2#2 of 340 cities	21.2#6 of 271 cities with data	21.4%#75 of 340 cities	0.9#16 of 304 cities with data	60,3302023	24%#155 of 314 cities with data
GreeleyCO	#15711th of 14 in its peer group	114,363	+1.6#12 of 340 cities	2.0#173 of 271 cities with data	22.6%#107 of 340 cities	5.2#148 of 304 cities with data	45,3712023	43%#21 of 314 cities with data
LansingMI	#2679th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	114,336	-0.5#217 of 340 cities	2.32022#210 of 303 cities with data	21.7%#82 of 340 cities	9.6#218 of 304 cities with data	96,2492021	22%#165 of 314 cities with data
BuckeyeAZ	#369th of 14 in its peer group	114,334	-0.0#122 of 340 cities	27.2#1 of 271 cities with data	31.4%#319 of 340 cities	2.6#84 of 304 cities with data	13,9502023	27%#127 of 314 cities with data
TuscaloosaAL	#32413th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	114,288	+0.1#87 of 340 cities	5.62022#113 of 303 cities with data	23.4%#136 of 340 cities	18.4#281 of 304 cities with data	58,8322023	26%#142 of 314 cities with data
AllenTX	#359th of 14 in its peer group	113,746	+1.6#15 of 340 cities	1.8#184 of 271 cities with data	19.4%#34 of 340 cities	11.52023#229 of 309 cities with data	42,0182023	29%#109 of 314 cities with data
CarlsbadCA	#547th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	113,575	-0.7#259 of 340 cities	2.5#149 of 271 cities with data	23.0%#117 of 340 cities	0.9#17 of 304 cities with data	80,2292023	35%#61 of 314 cities with data
EverettWA	#1978th of 14 in its peer group	113,011	+0.0#110 of 340 cities	5.2#93 of 271 cities with data	27.2%#270 of 340 cities	8.0#195 of 304 cities with data	100,6082023	37%#51 of 314 cities with data
SpringfieldIL	#23510th of 14 in its peer group	112,949	-0.3#173 of 340 cities	0.82023#234 of 269 cities with data	17.6%#14 of 340 cities	8.0#196 of 304 cities with data	111,3422023	11%#229 of 314 cities with data
BeaumontTX	#25911th of 14 in its peer group	112,893	-0.6#222 of 340 cities	1.7#187 of 271 cities with data	27.3%#274 of 340 cities	12.4#248 of 304 cities with data	65,9552023	15%#211 of 314 cities with data
MurrietaCAcouncil-picked	#519th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	112,539	+0.3#61 of 340 cities	1.0#221 of 271 cities with data	25.2%#199 of 340 cities	0.9#18 of 304 cities with data	33,4202023	9%#236 of 314 cities with data
Rio RanchoNM	#101st of 14 in its peer group	112,524	+1.0#27 of 340 cities	11.1#26 of 271 cities with data	18.0%#20 of 340 cities	7.1#182 of 304 cities with data	25,5202023	45%#16 of 314 cities with data
TemeculaCAcouncil-picked	#276th of 14 in its peer group · on 5 of 9 measures	112,431	+0.3#61 of 340 cities	3.4#124 of 271 cities with data	25.6%#213 of 340 cities	—	56,9612023	9%#239 of 314 cities with data
ConcordNC	#538th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	112,395	+1.0#25 of 340 cities	—	22.0%#90 of 340 cities	5.3#149 of 304 cities with data	60,3702023	21%#173 of 314 cities with data
TylerTX	#945th of 14 in its peer group	112,219	+0.7#39 of 340 cities	3.1#134 of 271 cities with data	22.1%#92 of 340 cities	8.0#197 of 304 cities with data	82,0472023	32%#83 of 314 cities with data
DavieFL	#21713th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	112,052	-1.3#317 of 340 cities	0.42018#247 of 263 cities with data	30.2%#311 of 340 cities	1.82023#46 of 309 cities with data	49,3252023	2%#263 of 314 cities with data
South FultonGA	#2818th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	112,003	-0.7#269 of 340 cities	7.0#54 of 271 cities with data	25.9%#228 of 340 cities	23.2#291 of 304 cities with data	39,0112023	4%#259 of 314 cities with data
PeoriaIL	#20611th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	111,696	-0.4#188 of 340 cities	0.42022#285 of 303 cities with data	20.4%#53 of 340 cities	11.6#241 of 304 cities with data	81,5902023	28%#114 of 314 cities with data
SparksNV	#696th of 14 in its peer group	111,520	+0.4#52 of 340 cities	7.2#50 of 271 cities with data	23.4%#132 of 340 cities	4.5#130 of 304 cities with data	49,5892023	27%#123 of 314 cities with data
GreshamOR	#795th of 14 in its peer group	111,507	-0.6#229 of 340 cities	2.1#167 of 271 cities with data	25.5%#211 of 340 cities	5.4#150 of 304 cities with data	39,0382023	28%#116 of 314 cities with data
Santa MariaCA	#2899th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	111,346	-1.0#303 of 340 cities	1.7#189 of 271 cities with data	32.2%#328 of 340 cities	3.6#113 of 304 cities with data	45,7692023	23%#159 of 314 cities with data
PuebloCO	#983rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	111,166	+0.2#76 of 340 cities	—	24.3%#169 of 340 cities	18.0#278 of 304 cities with data	41,8952023	21%#172 of 314 cities with data
HillsboroOR	#1003rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	110,337	-0.5#210 of 340 cities	7.92022#69 of 303 cities with data	22.9%#115 of 340 cities	3.72023#102 of 309 cities with data	89,6712023	21%#176 of 314 cities with data
EdisonNJ	#886th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	110,002	-0.7#257 of 340 cities	1.12022#252 of 303 cities with data	20.0%#42 of 340 cities	0.9#19 of 304 cities with data	84,5512023	-41%#312 of 314 cities with data
Sugar LandTX	#507th of 14 in its peer group	109,851	+1.1#23 of 340 cities	0.6#242 of 271 cities with data	19.6%#36 of 340 cities	0.9#20 of 304 cities with data	84,8512023	33%#74 of 314 cities with data
DowneyCAcouncil-picked	#891st of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	109,368	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	1.3#207 of 271 cities with data	26.1%#233 of 340 cities	0.92023#15 of 309 cities with data	47,8842023	12%2022#247 of 340 cities
Costa MesaCAcouncil-picked	#33214th of 14 in its peer group · on 4 of 9 measures	109,131	-0.7#247 of 340 cities	0.02022#303 of 303 cities with data	26.5%#243 of 340 cities	2.7#93 of 304 cities with data	89,5822023	10%2022#254 of 340 cities
CentennialCO	#93rd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	108,853	-1.0#284 of 340 cities	0.2#256 of 271 cities with data	19.6%#35 of 340 cities	0.92023#16 of 309 cities with data	75,3232023	51%#6 of 314 cities with data
EdinburgTX	#395th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	108,733	-0.2#151 of 340 cities	11.9#20 of 271 cities with data	21.8%#84 of 340 cities	1.8#53 of 304 cities with data	51,2082023	13%2022#236 of 340 cities
Spokane ValleyWAcouncil-picked	#301st of 14 in its peer group	108,267	+0.2#77 of 340 cities	4.4#105 of 271 cities with data	25.5%#208 of 340 cities	0.9#21 of 304 cities with data	57,0062023	32%#87 of 314 cities with data
Jurupa ValleyCAcouncil-picked	#601st of 14 in its peer group · on 5 of 9 measures	108,154	+0.3#61 of 340 cities	3.12022#172 of 303 cities with data	24.3%#168 of 340 cities	3.7#114 of 304 cities with data	37,4082023	22%2022#164 of 340 cities
BendORcouncil-picked	#225th of 14 in its peer group	106,926	+1.0#30 of 340 cities	6.0#71 of 271 cities with data	22.6%#108 of 340 cities	2.8#94 of 304 cities with data	58,7202023	34%#66 of 314 cities with data
West CovinaCAcouncil-picked	#1253rd of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	106,920	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	1.12022#255 of 303 cities with data	27.2%#269 of 340 cities	2.8#95 of 304 cities with data	31,6662023	12%2022#246 of 340 cities
BoulderCOcouncil-picked	#24014th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	106,803	-0.3#179 of 340 cities	3.8#116 of 271 cities with data	28.9%#299 of 340 cities	2.82023#74 of 309 cities with data	92,3072023	6%#256 of 314 cities with data
Lee's SummitMO	#174th of 14 in its peer group	106,419	+0.2#74 of 340 cities	4.7#100 of 271 cities with data	17.1%#9 of 340 cities	0.9#22 of 304 cities with data	45,5402023	47%#11 of 314 cities with data
DearbornMI	#29811th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	106,377	-0.5#219 of 340 cities	0.22022#291 of 303 cities with data	27.8%#280 of 340 cities	0.9#23 of 304 cities with data	80,3162021	-2%#275 of 314 cities with data
Green BayWI	#1216th of 14 in its peer group	106,311	+0.1#99 of 340 cities	4.5#101 of 271 cities with data	18.5%#24 of 340 cities	1.9#54 of 304 cities with data	64,3432023	22%#171 of 314 cities with data
St. GeorgeUT	#61st of 14 in its peer group	106,288	+2.0#8 of 340 cities	12.1#19 of 271 cities with data	24.2%#160 of 340 cities	1.9#55 of 304 cities with data	62,7062023	51%#5 of 314 cities with data
WoodbridgeNJ	#12411th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	106,101	-0.7#257 of 340 cities	1.3#205 of 271 cities with data	22.1%#91 of 340 cities	1.02023#19 of 309 cities with data	63,3922023	-13%#296 of 314 cities with data
BrocktonMA	#30313th of 14 in its peer group	105,788	+0.1#92 of 340 cities	0.62023#245 of 269 cities with data	27.1%#265 of 340 cities	7.6#185 of 304 cities with data	39,5572023	16%#207 of 314 cities with data
RentonWA	#1767th of 14 in its peer group	105,543	-0.5#212 of 340 cities	0.7#236 of 271 cities with data	24.2%#163 of 340 cities	5.7#157 of 304 cities with data	69,2222023	30%#104 of 314 cities with data
Sandy SpringsGA	#476th of 14 in its peer group	105,505	-0.7#267 of 340 cities	0.72023#239 of 269 cities with data	21.4%#76 of 340 cities	0.9#24 of 304 cities with data	142,0732023	46%#14 of 314 cities with data
RialtoCA	#1947th of 14 in its peer group · on 5 of 9 measures	104,918	-0.3#168 of 340 cities	0.42019#284 of 304 cities with data	25.2%#196 of 340 cities	1.9#57 of 304 cities with data	44,6092023	10%2022#255 of 340 cities
El MonteCA	#31313th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	104,639	-1.0#288 of 340 cities	0.82019#264 of 304 cities with data	30.4%#314 of 340 cities	5.7#158 of 304 cities with data	30,3992023	12%2022#239 of 340 cities
VacavilleCA	#629th of 14 in its peer group	103,994	+0.1#102 of 340 cities	4.3#106 of 271 cities with data	25.4%#204 of 340 cities	1.0#25 of 304 cities with data	35,4732023	29%#110 of 314 cities with data
FishersIN	#468th of 14 in its peer group	103,986	+0.8#36 of 340 cities	7.0#53 of 271 cities with data	15.5%#6 of 340 cities	1.0#26 of 304 cities with data	42,8942023	19%#191 of 314 cities with data
South BendIN	#25510th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	103,713	-0.7#239 of 340 cities	—	25.2%#198 of 340 cities	2.9#97 of 304 cities with data	56,5022023	11%#227 of 314 cities with data
CarmelIN	#151st of 14 in its peer group	103,606	+0.8#37 of 340 cities	12.5#15 of 271 cities with data	14.7%#2 of 340 cities	1.02023#22 of 309 cities with data	80,5102023	1%#268 of 314 cities with data
BurbankCAcouncil-picked	#1139th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	103,533	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	0.9#228 of 271 cities with data	31.5%#320 of 340 cities	1.9#59 of 304 cities with data	277,9002023	22%#167 of 314 cities with data
LynnMA	#1772nd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	103,489	-0.4#190 of 340 cities	0.62022#272 of 303 cities with data	29.3%#303 of 340 cities	2.9#98 of 304 cities with data	25,4252023	-28%#309 of 314 cities with data
QuincyMA	#24812th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	103,434	-0.2#158 of 340 cities	3.0#137 of 271 cities with data	25.5%#210 of 340 cities	2.02022#64 of 306 cities with data	51,4332023	-24%#307 of 314 cities with data
El CajonCA	#2317th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	103,291	-0.7#265 of 340 cities	1.2#215 of 271 cities with data	31.2%#318 of 340 cities	1.92021#37 of 232 cities with data	45,0312023	-16%2022#327 of 340 cities
FayettevilleAR	#371st of 14 in its peer group	103,134	+0.5#50 of 340 cities	21.7#4 of 271 cities with data	20.3%#48 of 340 cities	7.8#189 of 304 cities with data	64,5962023	37%#48 of 314 cities with data
SuffolkVAcouncil-picked	#18413th of 14 in its peer group	103,105	+1.6#14 of 340 cities	6.6#58 of 271 cities with data	20.4%#54 of 340 cities	10.7#230 of 304 cities with data	32,6342023	10%#232 of 314 cities with data
San MateoCAcouncil-picked	#958th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	103,006	-0.8#273 of 340 cities	1.0#222 of 271 cities with data	21.0%#68 of 340 cities	4.9#139 of 304 cities with data	59,5732023	14%2022#232 of 340 cities
ChicoCAcouncil-picked	#1649th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	102,911	+0.4#54 of 340 cities	2.2#163 of 271 cities with data	27.1%#261 of 340 cities	1.9#60 of 304 cities with data	45,1722023	40%#33 of 314 cities with data
InglewoodCA	#28710th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	102,774	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	3.5#120 of 271 cities with data	32.1%#327 of 340 cities	9.7#222 of 304 cities with data	33,4242023	-18%#305 of 314 cities with data
Wichita FallsTX	#865th of 14 in its peer group	102,372	-0.5#211 of 340 cities	1.0#220 of 271 cities with data	20.4%#52 of 340 cities	8.8#214 of 304 cities with data	43,7652023	95%#1 of 314 cities with data
HesperiaCAcouncil-picked	#30714th of 14 in its peer group · on 5 of 9 measures	101,836	-0.3#168 of 340 cities	3.1#132 of 271 cities with data	28.7%#292 of 340 cities	—	17,4472023	16%2022#214 of 340 cities
Daly CityCAcouncil-picked	#1449th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	101,418	-0.8#273 of 340 cities	0.0#268 of 271 cities with data	26.6%#248 of 340 cities	1.0#27 of 304 cities with data	20,5602023	15%2022#220 of 340 cities
GeorgetownTX	#202nd of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	101,344	+2.1#5 of 340 cities	23.2#3 of 271 cities with data	23.1%#124 of 340 cities	2.32022#70 of 306 cities with data	31,5272023	24%#157 of 314 cities with data
New BedfordMA	#2478th of 14 in its peer group · on 8 of 9 measures	101,318	+0.1#104 of 340 cities	0.1#266 of 271 cities with data	25.7%#216 of 340 cities	6.9#179 of 304 cities with data	34,7722023	20%#183 of 314 cities with data
AlbanyNY	#2919th of 14 in its peer group	101,317	-0.3#177 of 340 cities	2.4#157 of 271 cities with data	24.2%#165 of 340 cities	12.8#254 of 304 cities with data	131,8412023	11%#226 of 314 cities with data
DavenportIA	#1438th of 14 in its peer group	100,938	+0.1#100 of 340 cities	3.1#135 of 271 cities with data	19.3%#32 of 340 cities	7.9#194 of 304 cities with data	62,0952023	38%#42 of 314 cities with data
Federal WayWAcouncil-picked	#27913th of 14 in its peer group	100,252	-0.5#212 of 340 cities	0.3#255 of 271 cities with data	25.7%#217 of 340 cities	5.0#141 of 304 cities with data	32,6242023	21%#174 of 314 cities with data
KenoshaWI	#714th of 14 in its peer group	99,578	+0.1#97 of 340 cities	0.8#230 of 271 cities with data	19.7%#37 of 340 cities	3.0#102 of 304 cities with data	43,0292023	34%#70 of 314 cities with data
VistaCA	#2348th of 14 in its peer group · on 7 of 9 measures	99,322	-0.7#259 of 340 cities	2.2#165 of 271 cities with data	26.2%#234 of 340 cities	2.0#62 of 304 cities with data	34,9852023	-39%2022#337 of 340 cities
NorwalkCAcouncil-picked	#29411th of 14 in its peer group · on 6 of 9 measures	98,230	-1.0#290 of 340 cities	0.0#270 of 271 cities with data	26.4%#240 of 340 cities	2.0#63 of 304 cities with data	27,9002023	40%2022#31 of 340 cities
RoanokeVA	#27514th of 14 in its peer group	97,912	-0.0#118 of 340 cities	1.2#214 of 271 cities with data	20.7%#64 of 340 cities	11.2#237 of 304 cities with data	69,8622023	-5%#283 of 314 cities with data

Each number is the latest reading; under it, the city’s rank that year among all 340 cities, or among those with data when some did not report, green in the top fifth and red in the bottom fifth. Hover a rank for its place in the city’s peer group of 14. Overall weighs nine measures as the grading rubric does, in 2023, the latest year every one of them is published; set your own weights, or read why rank cities at all. Click a heading to sort by the latest reading. Each line is 2005–2024; a break is a year the source does not hold, a hollow point is a year held with less confidence (see homicides, below). Open a city for every year and every topline. A dated value is the latest the source has.

Why grade mayors

What China does

The Communist Party’s personnel departments evaluate every local leader each year and again at the end of a term, on political integrity, ability, diligence and results. The rating, from excellent to incompetent, decides bonuses, promotion and demotion.¹

Two kinds of test sit inside it. Some targets are absolute: miss a “one-vote veto” and nothing else on the record counts. By one estimate the veto attached to the one-child policy explains 46% of China’s fall in fertility in the 1990s.³ Other tests are relative. For decades the yardstick was growth, and the economist who named the system a promotion tournament put it plainly: relative rank, not the absolute score, decides who wins.⁵ Provincial leaders from 1979 to 1995 were more likely to be promoted, and less likely to be removed, the better their provinces’ economies did.⁴

What went wrong

Officials learned to hit the number. In 2017 Liaoning’s governor admitted that its cities and counties had inflated fiscal revenue by about 20% from 2011 to 2014.⁸ Corrected, Inner Mongolia’s 2016 industrial output came out 40% lower.⁹ The tournament’s own theorist listed its defects: faked statistics, neglect of whatever is hard to measure, and borrowing to grow.⁵ In 2013 the Party told evaluators to stop ranking regions by GDP, to weigh the environment, work safety and debt, and to audit what an official borrowed in office.² Whether growth ever drove promotion is itself disputed: studies of the Central Committee and of 241 cities find that connections and ability did more of the work.^6,7

Why not try it here?

An American mayor is judged at the ballot box, and the record a voter would need is scattered across ten national datasets that nobody reads together. China’s system gets one thing right: a city measured, every year, against every other city and against cities like it, on outcomes the office can move. That part is worth taking. The rest is what made it fail, and it is left out on purpose. The grade decides no one’s job. Every number comes from a national dataset, not from the city being graded, and links to its source, so a figure cannot be quietly improved. A gap stays a gap instead of becoming an invitation to fill it. And no single number decides: debt sits beside the budget so borrowing cannot buy a good year, and a city that games one measure still shows up in the other eight.

How the ranks are made

Against every city: Each year, every city with a value for a measure is ranked on it. 1st is best whichever way the measure points: more homes permitted is better, fewer homicides is better. A city with no value is not ranked that year, rather than ranked last, so a rank reads “#83 of 270 cities with data” when 70 cities did not report. The same rule holds in the peer group.
Within its peer group: A city’s peer group is itself and the 13 cities nearest it on population, household income, poverty, industry mix, growth, density, location and share of its metro’s jobs, as of 2005, and fixed since. Fixing them matters: a city that declines cannot drift into easier company. Education and pension burden are in the model too, but the 2005 data lack them for most cities. See every city’s peers on a map, and why.
Overall: Each measure becomes a percentile, 100 the best city that year and 0 the worst. The percentiles are averaged within each domain and the domains weighted as the grading rubric weights them: housing 25, safety 25, economy 20, fiscal health 20, population 10. A city with fewer than 3 domains in a year has no overall rank, and every overall rank says how many of the 9 measures it rests on. Disagree with the weights? Set your own.
What a rank is not: Not a grade. A rank is one year’s level, with no mayor attached. A grade, when it publishes, scores the change over a mayor’s term against a peer group frozen at inauguration. Population and jobs are size, not performance; they are shown and never ranked. Pension funding is shown but not ranked: the Public Plans Database covers 38 cities, and a rank among 38 is not a national one.

What each column is, and what it is not

Population (people, size, not ranked): People living in the city. Census Population Estimates Program, place level, latest vintage. Source: Population Estimates: cities and towns
Net domestic migration (net movers per 100 residents, higher is better): People who moved in from elsewhere in the US, minus people who moved out, for every 100 residents, that year. Below zero, more left than came. A county figure, apportioned to the city by its share of county population. An estimate. Source: Population Estimates: county components of change; Population Estimates: cities and towns
Housing units permitted (new homes per 1,000 residents, higher is better): New homes the city permitted that year, for every 1,000 residents. Census Building Permits Survey, place level. NULL where fewer than twelve months were filed, and for the thirteen cities whose permits are issued by a county or regional office (Charlotte, Memphis, Indianapolis, Colorado Springs among them): the survey reports the office, not the city. Source: Building Permits Survey, place-level annual files; Population Estimates: cities and towns
Rent to income (rent as % of income, lower is better): A year of the median rent as a share of the median household's income. ACS 1-year median gross rent × 12 over median household income. No 2020 release. Source: American Community Survey 1-year estimates
Homicides (per 100,000 residents, lower is better): Killings that year, per 100,000 residents. FBI Crime Data Explorer, the city's principal police agency. NULL where fewer than twelve months were filed, and in a year the FBI holds as all zeros — a real zero or an unfiled year, the source cannot say. Flagged from 2021 until the agency's own NIBRS start: the FBI's transition years, counts may be partial. Source: Crime Data Explorer, summarized agency data; Population Estimates: cities and towns
Gun assaults (per 100,000 residents, lower is better): Assaults with a gun that year, per 100,000 residents. Aggravated assaults with a firearm, from the FBI's NIBRS incident files, for years the department filed all twelve months under NIBRS. Empty for summary-reporting years (New York before 2023, Los Angeles before 2024, most of California before 2021). Chicago's NIBRS counts look incomplete and are under review. Source: NIBRS incident-based data by state; Population Estimates: cities and towns
Jobs inside city limits (jobs, size, not ranked): Jobs located inside city limits, whoever holds them. LEHD LODES8: unemployment-insurance jobs geocoded to Census blocks, summed inside the city's 2020 boundary (one fixed boundary every year). Published about two years late; 2024 is not out. Source: LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES8), workplace area files
Job growth vs metro (points ahead of the metro, higher is better): How much faster (+) or slower (−) jobs in the city grew than jobs in its metro area that year, in percentage points. The city's job growth minus its metro's, every job in the CBSA counted. Empty for a city that is nearly its whole metro (Honolulu, El Paso, Laredo, Lincoln). Source: LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES8), workplace area files
Employed residents (people, size, not ranked): Residents with a job, wherever the job is. ACS 1-year, residents 16+ in work, wherever they work. Series begins 2011. Source: American Community Survey 1-year estimates
Unemployment (% of workforce, lower is better): Residents looking for work, as a share of residents working or looking. ACS 1-year, residents 16+. Series begins 2011. Source: American Community Survey 1-year estimates
Pension funded ratio (% of promises funded, not ranked: 38 cities report): What the city's pension funds hold, as a share of what they owe. 100% is fully funded. Public Plans Database (Boston College CRR), the city's plans combined. Covers only cities with a plan in the database. Source: Public Plans Database
Structural balance (surplus as % of revenue, higher is better): Recurring revenue minus recurring spending, as a share of recurring revenue. Above zero is a surplus; below, the city spends more than it reliably takes in. Census finance survey (Government Finance Database): general revenue less property sales, minus general spending less capital outlay. An operating balance — it cannot see unfunded pension promises. Small cities are surveyed only some years. Source: Government Finance Database (Census Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances)
Long-term debt per resident (dollars per resident, lower is better): Long-term debt the city owes, per resident, in 2024 dollars. Census finance survey, long-term debt outstanding over population, in 2024 dollars (CPI-U). Source: Government Finance Database (Census Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances); Population Estimates: cities and towns; Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CUUR0000SA0)

Sources

Every number on these pages comes from one of these public datasets. Each was downloaded, hashed and kept unchanged. The snapshot hash below identifies the exact files, and the pipeline that built these pages records every file’s address and hash.

Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CUUR0000SA0): U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3 files, retrieved 2026-10-07. snapshot 20261007T220454Z · sha256 494ad81dc0377f83
American Community Survey 1-year estimates: U.S. Census Bureau. 57 files, retrieved 2026-10-07 to 2026-10-08. snapshot 20261008T193745Z · sha256 89d4805de3c9dab2
Building Permits Survey, place-level annual files: U.S. Census Bureau. 80 files, retrieved 2026-10-07. snapshot 20261008T193548Z · sha256 abb5a44556cf8c25
Population Estimates: county components of change: U.S. Census Bureau. 3 files, retrieved 2026-08-14 to 2026-10-07. snapshot 20261007T220446Z · sha256 31550f6b6617a9ed
Population Estimates: cities and towns: U.S. Census Bureau. 4 files, retrieved 2026-08-14 to 2026-10-08. snapshot 20261008T194542Z · sha256 032a5061be1224cf
Crime Data Explorer, summarized agency data: Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1792 files, retrieved 2026-08-21 to 2026-10-07. snapshot 20261007T220919Z · sha256 4b761131c4312581
Government Finance Database (Census Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances): Pierson, Hand & Thompson, Willamette University. 2 files, retrieved 2026-10-07. snapshot 20261007T220454Z · sha256 c31d9b2b96148f0c
LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES8), workplace area files: U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies. 997 files, retrieved 2026-10-07. snapshot 20261007T220917Z · sha256 ac0daac726991334
NIBRS incident-based data by state: Federal Bureau of Investigation. 699 files, retrieved 2026-10-07. snapshot 20261008T194126Z · sha256 4fbd2f22d492afd8
Public Plans Database: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. 1 file, retrieved 2026-08-14. snapshot 20261007T220454Z · sha256 9c5c660d60bac54c

How the table is made

Universe: Every incorporated place the Census counts at 100,000 or more, plus the consolidated city-counties and three New Jersey townships the Census counts as county subdivisions. Census-designated places, New York boroughs and county-board jurisdictions are out: there is no office to grade.
Reproducible: Every number traces to a hashed snapshot of a public file. The pipeline regenerates the table from a tagged commit, and its methodology is four YAML files.
A gap is a gap: A police department that filed eleven months gets no homicide figure for the year. A year the American Community Survey did not run (2020) is empty for every city. Nothing is interpolated, nowcast or filled.
What is still missing: Bond ratings: their history sits behind a site whose terms forbid automated collection, so the fiscal grade uses the change in debt per resident instead. Pension figures for the cities whose plans are not in the Public Plans Database. Gun assaults for years a police department still filed summary reports rather than incidents (New York before 2023, Los Angeles before 2024). Homicide clearances, which Chicago did not report before 2022 and which can count a prior year’s case. Jobs inside city limits for 2024, which the Census has not yet published.
Council-picked mayors: In 39 cities the council picks the mayor from among its own members, usually for a year. Those mayors are graded on the same rubric as elected ones, and the cities are marked, so the two groups can be compared: does rotating the chair change how a city does?
Grades: A term is graded against a frozen cohort of peer cities on housing, economy, safety, fiscal health and population, with four vetoes that force an F with published evidence. Grades exist in the pipeline today. They publish when a person has checked every officeholder’s dates against a primary source, and not before. The framework is the one the Five Year Plan is built on.