Energy growth
US new firm-equivalent generation supply added
18TWh/yrest
0.25× required pace — 18 vs 73.1 TWh/yr required now
Required path — US new firm-equivalent generation supply added
J-Curve whitepaper §1.2 (papers/jcurve-whitepaper.md): 'Net new firm-equivalent supply from the entire US generation portfolio is modest—roughly 18 TWh added in 2025, rising to 150–250 TWh per year later in the decade'. Band 150–250 TWh/yr. Firm-equivalence per EIA Electric Power Monthly table 6.07.B.
as of Dec 31, 2025 · J-Curve whitepaper §1.2 (firm-equivalent additions), EIA Electric Power Monthly, EIA-860 generator inventory
Compute growth
US data-center electricity demand
320TWh/yrest
0.61× required pace — 320 vs 521 TWh/yr required now
Required path — US data-center electricity demand
J-Curve whitepaper §1.2 and Figure 1 (papers/jcurve-whitepaper.md): bottom-up pipeline ≈175 TWh in 2024 (1,521 tracked facilities @ 0.85 CF); ~1,000 TWh by 2030 (industry projections span 290–1,050 TWh). 2035: ΔP ≈ 1,329 TWh/yr incremental powered AI energy (§3.3, §5.1).
as of Jun 16, 2026 · LBNL 2024 U.S. Data Center Energy Usage Report, IEA Electricity 2024 (data centres)
Value-to-society growth
AI economic value per kWh of compute
0.65$/kWhest
0.80× required pace — 0.65 vs 0.81 $/kWh required now
Required path — AI economic value per kWh of compute
J-Curve whitepaper §5.1 (papers/jcurve-whitepaper.md): q₀ ≈ $0.50/kWh in 2025 (band $0.3–0.8; frontier-lab revenue ÷ ~275 TWh AI electricity) = analysis/config.AI_Q0_USD_PER_KWH; trend-restoring q₂₀₃₅ ≈ $12/kWh at g_Q ≈ 37%/yr; g_Q band 25–45%/yr = analysis/config.AI_PRODUCTIVITY_GROWTH_BAND.
as of Jun 16, 2026 · J-Curve whitepaper §5.1 (q derivation), Frontier-lab revenue (OpenAI + Anthropic run-rates)